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1. Arras station, place du Marechal Foch, is a ten-minute walk up rue Gambetta then rue Desire Delansorne to the Hotel de Ville. For train times and bookings contact SNCF in France on 36-35. From outside France telephone 00 33 8-92-35-35-35.
2. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.

Arras (Dutch: Atrecht) is an attractive town in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It was much fought-over in World War I and is mainly visited by tourists travelling from or to the nearby ports of Calais and Boulogne. It is also a good starting point for a visit to the Canadian National Vimy Memorial (see Lens).

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• Les places (Grand' Place et Place des Héros) - Like many town centers in France, Arras is made of cobblestone. Both main squares measure 17 000 m². The town's two great squares are quite splendid providing a collection of 155 unique façades of Flemish baroque architecture. In 1492 Arras had become part of the Spanish Netherlands and this helps explain the style of the architecture (Arras was only retaken by the French in 1640 at the time of Louis XIII). These large town squares were designed to accommodate large markets which in different periods contributed largely to the prosperity of the city.
• L'Hôtel de Ville & Le Beffroi d'Arras - The Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall) on the Place des Héros (and not the Grand' Place) was destroyed during the war but has been recreated in its original style. The dominating belfry (beffroi) is 77m high, or 326 steps and offers a great view of the city of Arras. Building had begun in 1463, but it was a century later in 1554 before the work was completed (by comparison the Hôtel de Ville took just four years to construct). The belfry was built in Gothic style. A 2m tall statue of the golden lion holding the sun can be found at the top of the bell tower. It was installed under Louis XIV (hence the sun found in its paws). The statue found at the top of the belfry is the reproduction of the original which sits in the Museum of Fine Arts in Arras (the original being damaged due to the bombings during World War I). During this period, the belfry was destroyed and it was rebuilt later, just as it had originally been with a concrete structure by the chief architect of historic monuments Pierre Paquet along the town hall of Arras. The belfry is a historical monument. Since 2005, the belfry of Arras is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in category: Belfrys of Belgium and France. The local Tourist Information Office is in an office on the left as you go in and it is open every day except Christmas and the New Year. Below, in the basement are the underground chambers - the Boves. These can be visited on tours, and give a glimpse of an area used by the British army as a field hospital. The Boves are still used today by the locals and some sections have even been turned into restaurants. During the war they were used for sheltering soldiers and afterwards the returning towns people took refuge there whilst they rebuilt their shattered town.
• Les Boves - The Boves of Arras are a collection of underground chambers (galleries connecting individual cellars) that men have gradually dug since the tenth century. The existing network is of remarkable length and excellent condition. These quarries were dug when local builders used great blocks of chalk to build the town's most important buildings. These tunnels were also used as shelters by the Arrageois during times of war, invasions, bombings... These undergrounds were also used by the British during World War I to install a small hospital. Columns of sandstone or limestone pillars support the vaulted halls and stairways that allow residents to store food in the cellars at constant temperature of 11 °C, which, as some of you may know, is ideal for wine storage!
• Les Carrières Wellington - The Wellington Quarry is an attraction in Arras relating to the Battle of Arras in 1917. This network of underground tunnels played a major role in taking the enemy lines and helped save the lives of many soldiers. Miles of tunnels were dug beneath the Arras countryside to create command posts, kitchens, sleeping quarters and even a hospital, protecting around 24,000 Allied troops. The Wellington Quarry is located about 700 meters behind the SNCF railway station of Arras, in the direction of Bapaume. The entrance is Delétoille Street, first left immediately after the Leclerc supermarket. Tel: +33 3 21 51 26 95 Admission Fees: €6.60, Special Price €3.00 Open every day all year round: 10:00-12:30 and 13:30-18:00 pm (Annual closure: January 1 and 3 weeks after the Christmas holidays, The 28, 29 and 30 June, and 25 December).
• Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Arras - The Museum of Fine Arts in Arras is located in the ancient Abbey of Saint-Vaast. The original statue of the golden lion (le lion d'or) of Arras resides in this museum. In the museum's painting collection several works of art by the following artists can be seen: Pieter Brueghel le Jeune, Balthasar van der Ast, Paul Rubens, Gerard Seghers, Nicolas Maes, Jacob van Es, Jacopo Bassano, Giovanni Baglione, Claude Vignon, Philippe de Champaigne, Jean Jouvenet, Sébastien Bourdon, Laurent de La Hyre, Charles Le Brun, Nicolas de Largillière, Antoine Watteau, Jean-Baptiste Oudry, Carle Van Loo, Joseph-Marie Vien, Camille Corot, Théodore Rousseau, Théodore Chassériau, and Eugène Delacroix.
• Place Victor Hugo - The Victor-Hugo square is an octagonal square located in the basse ville, not too far from the Notre-Dame-des-Ardents church. In the middle of this square lies an obelisk with a fountain. Surrounding this square are many old stone houses.
• Citadelle de Vauban - The Arras Citadel was constructed following Vauban's plans at the instigation of Louis XIV between 1668 and 1672. Her primary task was to protect the kingdom from attacks by the armies of the Spanish Netherlands but the decreasing importance of Arras as a strategic site soon made her purpose redundant and she became known as La Belle Inutile - Pretty (but) useless. One of the reasons that Vauban chose this particular position is the proximity of the Crinchon river which could serve both as a source of water for the garrison but also in times of trouble as a method of filling the moat. During the battle of Arras in 1917 the moat was at one point used as a parking lot for tanks. Until July 2009 the citadel was still used as a military garrison and housed the Arrageois: 601e Régiment de Circulation Routière. Under the new military policies of President Sarkozy the regiment was disbanded in July 2009 and the citadel sold off. What Arras is going to be able to do with the complex has yet to be decided.
• Cité Nature - 25, boulevard Schuman. Installed in the Art Deco buildings of an old miner's lamp factory (transformed by the famous architect Jean Nouvel), Cité Nature is a cultural and scientific center dedicated to food, agriculture, nature and health. 2500 m² of permanent exhibitions are about the environment, food, technology, history, and 1500 m² of various gardens, there is also a hall for meetings and exchanges. At Cité Nature one can participate in wine tastings, discussions with artists, listen to music, and watch shows. Tel: +33 3 21 21 59 59
• 1Historial of the Great War Péronne (Historial de la Grande Guerre Péronne), Château de Péronne, Place André Audinot, Péronne, France, ☏+33 3 22 83 14 18, ✉info@historial.org. Apr-Oct: daily 09:30-18:00; Nov-Mar: Th-Tu 09:30-17:00; closed 10 Dec- 22 Jan. Near the heart of the World War I Somme battlefields, it is housed within the Château de Péronne, a castle in the town of Péronne. It represents the everyday life of the soldiers at the front during that harsh time as well as the life of the civilians and the huge social changes. It has two major permanent specialist exhibits: (1) Prisoners of War - the exhibition deals with all aspects of captivity: the food, for example, was insufficient and of poor quality; illness was rife; and prisoners of war were required to work hard; and (2) Children in World War I - for some, World War I was seen as a means of defending civilisation against barbarism, to protect the future of children. The image of the child was thus frequently used in posters, notably for recruitment.Adult €9, veterans and seniors €7, children (7-15) and students €4.50.

Churches & religious monuments[edit]

• L'abbaye Saint-Vaast - rue des Teinturiers. The Abbey of Saint-Vaast, subject to the Benedictine rule, was founded in 667 on the hill of La Madeleine near Arras. It was around the abbey that the village grew, on the banks of the Crinchon river. Since 1825, it home to the Museum of Fine Arts in Arras.
• La Cathédrale - rue des Teinturiers. The taste of the classical period imposed at the time gave the inside of the church the appearance of an ancient temple. Everything is grand, majestic and beautifully proportioned. It gives an impression of nobility, balance and majesty serene, and radiant light. The cathedral houses some wonders (series of eight sculptures of saints from the Pantheon, Tombs of the bishops) and some Art Deco pieces.
• Saint-Jean-Baptiste - rue Wacquez-Glasson. Built in the sixteenth century, Saint-Nicolas-on-the-Fosse is one of the few religious buildings Arras to have crossed the revolutionary turmoil. Known as the Temple of Reason during the terror, the church is then returned to worship, and thus became known as Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1833 after the consecration of the Cathedral. Destroyed during World War I, it was rebuilt in the Gothic Revival style.
• Saint-Nicolas-en-Cité - place de la Préfecture. Built according to plans provided by architect Joseph Traxler in 1837, the church Saint-Nicolas-en-City is one of the finest examples of neoclassical architecture Arras.
• Saint Gery - rue Neuve du Vivier. Designed by architect Alexander Grigny in the spirit of the Gothic thirteenth century, the church of Saint-Gery was built between 1860 and 1866. In a national context where the 'Greeks' (followers of neoclassicism) compete with the 'Goths' (followers of the neo-Gothic), Grigny has made a brilliant career at Arras. The hotel Deusy, rue Saint-Aubert, is another example of his work.
• Notre-Dame-des-Ardents - rue Aristide-Briand. Built in 1876, this church of Romano-Byzantine style is the work of architect Norman hesdinois Clovis, a student of Grigny. It respects the style novel Flowery 12th century, because it commemorates the 'miracle of the burning' of 1105. In an apparition, the virgin gives a magical candle to Normand and Ithier. This magical candle will cure the sickness Ardent (a disease caused by ergot) with a few drops of wax.

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• Sample the local culinary speciality - moules frites (mussels and chips).

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The Fortifications of Vauban is made up of 12 groups of fortified buildings and sites along the borders of France. They were designed by military architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707) during the reign of King Louis XIV, and were added in 2008 to the list of UNESCOWorld Heritage Sites.

The network of major sites of Vauban is an association of cities created on March 30, 2005 at the initiative of the city of Besançon. It includes the twelve sites which best representat the fortification system erected by Vauban. Its aim is to highlight and inscribe Vauban's remarkable work on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The application file was selected on January 5, 2007 by the Ministry of Culture to represent France.^[1] On July 7, 2008, twelve of the network's fourteen sites were added to the list at the UNESCO annual meeting in Quebec City.^[2]

History[edit]

In 2003, the city of Besançon investigated the possibility of a UNESCO World Heritage nomination. After taking the advice of specialists, they decided to mount an application in the form of a network representing the entire genius of the architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, to best meet the criteria issued by UNESCO. An initial selection of eight sites was formed in 2005, followed by a final list of fourteen sites, out of the 150 fortifications left by Vauban. The selections were finally validated by a scientific council on March 31, 2006. (In competition with the potential UNESCO World Heritage nomination, consisting of the works of Le Corbusier, each country could submit only one file each year).

The Vauban network was finally selected on January 5, 2007 by the Ministry of Culture, as the celebrations for the tercentenary of the architect's death began.

On July 7, 2008, twelve of the fourteen network sites are admitted to the final World Heritage List. The sites of Bazoches Castle in the Nièvre and the fort transformed into a citadel of the Palace at Belle-Île-en-Mer in Morbihan were excluded from the registration.^[2] The citadel of Belle-Île-en-Mer has been rejected by UNESCO for its 'lack of authenticity', particularly due to a hotel project within it. Although this raised questions, the fact that these two sites were private properties would not have played a part in this decision.

The twelve sites[edit]

There are twelve sites in total.

Vauban Citadel, Arras[edit]

The Vauban Citadel, located in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, was built by Vauban from 1667 to 1672. The Citadel has been nicknamed La belle inutile (the beautiful useless one) by residents as it has never been directly involved in heavy fighting, and ultimately failed to prevent the Germans from occupying the city in either World War. Within the citadel on the side of La Place de Manœuvre a small Baroque-style chapel was built. Outside, Le Mur des Fusillés (the wall of the people executed by a firing squad) pays tribute to the 218 members of the French Resistance shot in the citadel's ditch during World War II.

Citadel of Besançon[edit]

The Citadel of Besançon, in Besançon, Doubs, is considered one of Vauban's finest works of military architecture. The Citadel occupies 11 hectares (27 acres) on Mount Saint-Etienne, one of the seven hills that protect Besançon, the capital of Franche-Comté. Mount Saint-Etienne occupies the neck of an oxbow formed by the river Doubs, giving the site a strategic importance that Julius Caesar recognised as early as 58 BC. The Citadel overlooks the old quarter of the city, which is located within the oxbow, and has views of the city and its surroundings. The Citadel is built on top of a large syncline on a rectangular field crossed across its width by three successive bastions (enclosures, or fronts) behind which extend three plazas. The whole is surrounded by walls covered by circular paths and punctuated by watchtowers and sentry posts. The walls are up to 15 to 20 metres (49 to 66 ft) high with a thickness between 5 and 6 metres (16 and 20 ft). Also included in this site is Fort Griffon.

Sites at Blaye-Cussac-Fort-Médoc[edit]

The citadel of Blaye, city walls, Fort Paté and Fort Médoc are located in Blaye-Cussac-Fort-Médoc, Gironde.

Briançon, Hautes-Alpes[edit]

The Fort des Trois-Têtes and the Fort du Randouillet, along with city walls, Redoute des Salettes the ouvrage de la communication Y and the Asfeld Bridge, are located in Briançon, Hautes-Alpes.

Tour Vauban[edit]

The Tour Vauban, also known as the Tour dorée (meaning 'Gilded Tower') is in Camaret-sur-Mer, Finistère. It is an 18m-high polygonal defensive tower built to a plan by Vauban on the Sillon at Camaret-sur-Mer, as part of the fortifications of the goulet de Brest. It has three levels and is flanked by walls, a guardhouse and a gun battery which can hold 11 cannons as well as a cannonball foundry added in the French Revolution period.

Ville neuve, Longwy[edit]

The ville neuve (meaning new city) is located in Longwy, Meurthe-et-Moselle.

Place forte, Mont-Dauphin[edit]

The sight of the place forte is located in Mont-Dauphin, Hautes-Alpes.

Citadel and city walls, Mount-Louis[edit]

The citadel and city walls of Mont-Louis are located in Mont-Louis, Pyrénées-Orientales.

Ville neuve, Neuf-Brisach[edit]

The ville neuve in Neuf-Brisach, Haut-Rhin is located close to the German border with France.

Citadel and city walls, Saint-Martin-de-Ré[edit]

A Citadel and city walls are located in Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Charente-Maritime.

Watchtowers, Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue[edit]

Watchtowers are located along Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue/Tatihou, Manche.

Sites at Villefranche-de-Conflent[edit]

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Fort Libéria, Cova Bastera, and citt walls are located in Villefranche-de-Conflent, Pyrénées-Orientales.

Two sites initially considered were removed from the final list: A château in Bazoches, Nièvre, and the citadel and walls surrounding Le Palais in Belle-Île-en-Mer, Morbihan.

Gallery[edit]

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References[edit]

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1. ^Article du journal Le Monde du 6 janvier 2007 [archive].
2. ^ ^abDouze fortifications de Vauban au patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco [archive] dans Le Monde du 7 juillet 2008.

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External links[edit]

• http://www.sites-vauban.org/(in French)